从爱迪生那根烧红的灯丝，到能指挥电子的开关——电子管、PN 结、晶体管，一部人类驯电简史。

From the stray current Edison found in a light bulb to a switch that steers electrons on command — vacuum tube, PN junction, transistor, the short history of taming electricity.

一个能记住 0 和 1 的电路，怎么长成寄存器，又怎么让缓存成了决定游戏性能的关键。

A circuit that can remember a single 0 or 1, grown step by step into a register — and why cache, not clock speed, is what makes a gaming CPU fast.

机械硬盘用磁存、SSD 用电子存、RAID 用多块盘换可靠——以及那个吓人的「RAID 5 重建失败率 99%」到底是真是假。

Hard drives store with magnetism, SSDs trap electrons in an insulator, RAID trades extra disks for reliability — plus the truth behind that scary "RAID 5 rebuild fails 99% of the time."

内存和显存本是同根生，却走上了两条相反的路——一个死磕延迟，一个死磕带宽，到 HBM 干脆把存储架到了 GPU 头顶。

Main memory and video memory came from the same place and then split — one obsesses over latency, the other over bandwidth, and HBM ends up bolting memory onto the GPU's roof.

光既是造芯片的刻刀（光刻），也是造屏幕的画笔（量子点、AR 光波导）——人类在硅片方寸之间的驯光记。

Light is both the chisel that carves chips (lithography) and the paint that makes screens (quantum dots, AR waveguides) — how humans learned to tame it in the space of a silicon chip.